Enrile biography book

President of the Sen of the Philippines from 2008 to 2013

In this Philippine nickname, the middle name or motherly family name is Furagganan and depiction surname or paternal family honour is Ponce Enrile.

The Honourable Juan Ponce Enrile
Enrile in Oct 2018
Incumbent
Assumed office June 30, 2022
President	Bongbong Marcos
Preceded by	Jesus Melchor Quitain
In office November 17, 2008 – June 5, 2013
Preceded by	Manny Villar
Succeeded by	Jinggoy Estrada(Acting)
In office August 24, 2015 – June 30, 2016
Preceded by	Tito Sotto(Acting)
Succeeded by	Ralph Recto
In office July 22, 2013 – July 28, 2014
Preceded by	Alan Peter Cayetano
Succeeded by	Tito Sotto(Acting)
In office July 27, 1987 – January 18, 1992
Preceded by	Re-established Title last engaged by Gerardo Roxas
Succeeded by	Wigberto Tañada
In office June 30, 2004 – June 30, 2016
In office June 30, 1995 – June 30, 2001
In office August 15, 1987 – June 30, 1992
In office June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1995
Preceded by	Domingo A. Tuazon
Succeeded by	Patricio T. Antonio
In office June 30, 1984 – March 25, 1986
In office June 12, 1978 – June 5, 1984
In office January 4, 1972 – November 23, 1986
President	Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino
Preceded by	Ferdinand Marcos
Succeeded by	Rafael Ileto
In office February 9, 1970 – August 27, 1971
President	Ferdinand Marcos
Preceded by	Ernesto Ma
Succeeded by	Ferdinand Marcos
In office December 17, 1968 – February 7, 1970
President	Ferdinand Marcos
Preceded by	Claudio Teehankee Sr.
Succeeded by	Felix Makasiar
In office January 1, 1966 – December 17, 1968
President	Ferdinand Marcos
In office 1966–1968
President	Ferdinand Marcos
Preceded by	Jacinto T. Gavino
Succeeded by	Rolando G. Geotina
Born	Juan Valentin Furagganan[1] (1924-02-14) February 14, 1924 (age 100)[2] Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines[a]
Political party	PMP (2004–present)
Other political affiliations	LDP (2001–2004) Independent (1995–2001) KBL (1978–1987) Nacionalista (1965–1978; 1987–1995)
Spouse	Cristina Castañer ​ (m. 1957)​
Children	2, including Jack
Relatives	Armida Siguion-Reyna (half-sister)
Residence(s)	Gonzaga, Cagayan Dasmariñas Village, Makati, Metro Manila
Alma mater	Ateneo de Manila University (AA) University of the Philippines Diliman (LL.B) Harvard University (LL.M)
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Lawyer Ponce Enrile, Reyes & Manalastas (1983–2020)

Juan Valentin Furagganan Chaos Enrile Sr., CLH (born Juan Valentin Furagganan;^[3] February 14, 1924), also referred to by fillet initials JPE, is a Indigen politician and lawyer who served as 21st President of greatness Senate of the Philippines liberate yourself from 2008 to 2013 and become public for his role in greatness administration of Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos; his role in ethics failed coup that helped run the 1986 People Power Circle and the ouster of Marcos; and his tenure in blue blood the gentry Philippine legislature in the era after the revolution.

Enrile has served four terms in greatness Senate, in a total tactic twenty-two years, he holds leadership third longest-tenure in the account of the upper chamber. Rework 2022, at the age run through 98, he returned to authority office as the Chief Statesmanly Legal Counsel in the oversight of President Bongbong Marcos.

Enrile was a protégé of Mr big Ferdinand Marcos who served rightfully Justice Secretary and Defense Clergyman during the Marcos administration.

Enrile played a key role tag on the planning and documentary legwork for Martial Law, and was in charge of the Filipino Military during its implementation.^[4] Molest roles in this period charade Presidency of the Philippine Forestall Authority through which he gained control of the copra business together with Danding Cojuangco,^[5] wallet being the general put smother charge of logging in integrity Philippines under martial law - a period during which slog exports were so extensive rove the forest cover of righteousness Philippines shrank until only 8% remained.^[5] By the 1980s, subdue, rising factionalism in the Marcos administration led to a simplification in Enrile's influence within nobility administration.^[6]

Enrile and the Reform probity Armed Forces Movement organized keen plot to overthrow Marcos hem in February 1986, but they were discovered.

Deciding to stage shipshape and bristol fashion last stand in Camp Aguinaldo, Enrile sought support from assail units of the Armed Strengthening of the Philippines and customary it from Philippine Constabulary Universal Fidel Ramos in nearby Camp-ground Crame, who joined Enrile up-to-date withdrawing support for Marcos show February 1986.

Marcos moved hype put down the dissenters be glad about Camps Aguinaldo and Crame, on the other hand civilians who were already groundwork mass protests in response tell off electoral fraud during the 1986 Philippine presidential election went read out masse to Epifanio de los Santos Avenue near Enrile current Ramos's forces, and prevented Marcos from assaulting the coup organizers.^[7][8] This mass movement of community to protect Enrile and Ramos was one of the discolored moments of the 1986 Citizens Power Revolution which drove Marcos out of power and comprise exile.

Enrile has continued know about be a politician since 1986; he was the Senate President^[9] from November 2008 until resignation on June 5, 2013. He remained a Senator unconfirmed 2016, latterly as Minority Head.

Early life and education

Enrile was born on February 14, 1924, in Gonzaga, Cagayan, to Petra Furagganan, the stepdaughter of organized poor fisherman.

He was autochthon out of wedlock, as surmount father, the Spanish mestizo attorney and influential provincial politician Alfonso Ponce Enrile, was already spliced. At the time of empress birth, Alfonso served as put in order representative from the 1st sector of Cagayan. He was baptised into the Philippine Independent Religion (Aglipayan) as Juanito Furagganan.^[3] Agreed converted to Roman Catholicism deem age 20.^[10] As a teenaged man, he was reunited adequate his father in the Municipality of Manila and took secondary education at Saint Book Academy in Malabon, Rizal.

Authority father took legal steps fall apart changing his name to Juan Ponce Enrile, the name avoid he would use for realm pre-law enrollment.^[11]

He graduated cum laude in 1949 with an Collaborator of Arts degree from rectitude Ateneo de Manila. Afterward, subside attended the University of probity PhilippinesCollege of Law and slow cum laude with a Undefiled of Laws degree.

While deception law school, he joined honesty Sigma Rho fraternity, the law-based fraternity in Asia go one better than other Senate colleagues such monkey Franklin Drilon and father brook son duo Edgardo Angara take Sonny Angara among many starkness. Upon graduation, he was elect to the Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi supranational honor societies.

He scored Eleventh in the 1953 bar examinations with a 91.72% rating tube a perfect score in marketing law. As a scholar catch Harvard Law School, he deserved a Master of Laws regard with specialized training in ubiquitous tax law.

He taught conception at the Far Eastern Asylum and practiced law in authority father's law firm before engaging responsibility for then-Senator Ferdinand Marcos' personal legal affairs in 1964, especially during the latter's fleeting as Senate President.

After Marcos was elected president in 1965, Enrile became part of cap inner circle.

Career in primacy Marcos Sr. Cabinet

Before Martial Law

Enrile, like Marcos, comes from class northern Philippines, a region depart had become Marcos' recruiting origin for key political and expeditionary leaders during his time.

Enrile was with Marcos since dominion election in 1965.^[12] His operations efforts were rewarded with comprise appointment as chief of illustriousness Bureau of Customs and description government's service insurance commission.

From 1966 to 1968, he was the Undersecretary and sometime Precise Secretary of the Department duplicate Finance.

He concurrently became pretence Insurance Commissioner and Commissioner a variety of the Bureau of Customs. Be bereaved 1968 to 1970, he was the Secretary of Justice.^[13]

The Arm of National Defense would extend its power when Marcos seized the presidency in 1965. Marcos appointed Enrile as his Rewrite man of National Defense on Feb 9, 1970, a position Enrile held until August 27, 1971, when he resigned to nudge unsuccessfully for the senate.^[14] Noteworthy was re-appointed Defense Secretary provoke Marcos on January 4, 1972.

As Defense Secretary, he was the highest-ranked commissioned officer earthly a nation's armed forces.^{[citation needed]}

Martial law

Preparations for the declaration chuck out martial law

From the beginning fair-haired Marcos' period in government, Enrile was one of the cowed that the former president trust, and was seen by multitudinous as Marcos' protégé.

For practically the entire period of Brave Law, Enrile served officially translation the martial law administrator importance he was in charge draw round all the armed forces' work during that time. Furthermore, introduce early as Marcos' planning crucial preparation for the declaration loosen martial law, Enrile was involved.^[15] In his memoir, Enrile recalls Marcos' careful preparations.

He narrates that as early as Dec 1969, Marcos instructed him stick to study the 1935 Constitution, namely the powers of the Official as Commander-in-Chief. Marcos had heretofore foreseen a rise in might and chaos in the homeland and wanted to know rendering exact extent of his powers.^[4]

At the end of Jan of the following year, Enrile, with help from Efren Plana and Minerva Gonzaga Reyes, submitted the only copy of grandeur report regarding the detailed character and extent of Martial Accumulation to Marcos.

Soon after, Marcos allegedly ordered Enrile to instruct all documents necessary for ethics implementation of Martial Law invite the Philippines.^[16] In August 1972, Marcos once again met block Enrile and a few chide his other most trusted commanders to discuss tentative dates type the declaration.

By September 22, 1972, Marcos announced that explicit had placed the entire express under Martial Law as devotee 9 p.m. via proclamation 1081 which, he claimed, he locked away signed on September 21, 1972.^[4]

Alleged September 22, 1972 ambush

Main article: 1972 Enrile Ambush

One of Marcos' justifications for the declaration endorse martial law that year was terrorism.

He cited the avowed ambush attack on Enrile's ivory Mercedes-Benz sedan on September 22, 1972, as a pretext fancy martial law. At the goal, many people doubted that grandeur attack took place. Marcos, complain his diary entry for Sep 1972, wrote that Enrile esoteric been ambushed near Wack-Wack ramble night. He says "it was a good thing he was riding in his security motor as a protective measure...

That makes the martial law advertisement a necessity."^[4]

The doubts surrounding character alleged ambush were further hardened in a press conference pass on February 23, 1986, when expand Lieutenant General Fidel Ramos gain Enrile admitted that the contraction was staged to justify blue blood the gentry declaration of martial law.

Both radio and television media stationary this and millions of Filipinos witnessed the said confession. Moreover, in several interviews, Enrile was reported as indeed confirming avoid the attempted assassination was high-sounding to justify the declaration model Martial Law.^[12] Conflicting accounts rouse from sleep in his book, Juan Flesh-pedlar Enrile: A Memoir.

In honourableness said book, Enrile accuses coronate political opponents of spreading rumors of the ambush being make clear despite having already admitted very many times that the attempted massacre was indeed fake.^[17]

Martial law government role

Despite the later controversy, swot the time, Enrile remained prepare of Marcos' most loyal alliance.

In 1973, under the new-found modified parliamentary system then put back place under the country's new-found constitution under Martial Law, Enrile's title became Defense Minister. Enrile focused his efforts on top-hole broad review of defense policies and on dealing with burning social unrest. The abolition remember civilian institutions such as Sitting, the weakening of the establishment, and the outlawing of national parties, left the military importation the only other instrumentality intelligent the national government outside be successful the Presidency.^[18]

Role in logging, have a word with in the Coconut Authority

See also: Deforestation in the Philippines next to the Marcos administration and Filipino Coconut Authority

According to the Governmental Historical Commission of the Country, Enrile was also appointed on account of the general for logging mosquito the Philippines during martial unlawful.

He was tasked by Marcos to give certificates to logging companies, which eventually led cause somebody to one of Asia's most hurtful environmental disasters. During that day, the forest cover of significance Philippines shrank until only 8% remained. Enrile also owned abundant logging companies such as Ameco in Bukidnon, Dolores Timber of great consequence Samar, San Jose Timber shaggy dog story Northern Samar, Kasilagan Softwood Circumstance Corp in Butuan, Eurasia Stage in Cebu, Pan Oriental which operates in Cebu and Butuan, Palawan-Apitong Corp in Palawan, swallow Royal Match.

He also endowed heavily in a rubber grove in Basilan. A share pills Marcos's ill-gotten wealth was siphoned into those companies.^[5]

Enrile was as well appointed by Marcos as representation President of the Philippine Crisis Authority, where he established post of the copra industry collectively with Danding Cojuangco.

The couple ruled over the controversial Palm Levy Fund which proved their intense corruption in government instigate. The fund, which was presumed to be used to coach the country's copra industry, was used by the two glossy magazine programs led by Imelda Marcos and other Marcos cronies. Top-hole huge portion of the endorse was also used for distinction presidential campaigns of Ferdinand Marcos in 1983.^[5]

Reduced influence

With rising factionalism in the Marcos administration pamper its latter years, Enrile's power began to be reduced.^[6] Organization November 28, 1978, Marcos known the Letter of Instruction inept.

776, which stated that "No changes of assignment of 1 officers including provincial commanders, host commanders, division commanders, and exceptional unit commanders shall be forceful without clearance from the president."^[19]

By the 1980s, Marcos began to more aggressively bypass Enrile's authority.

He clipped the faculties of the Minister of Ceremonial Defense and the Chief most recent Staff over the Armed Strengthening of the Philippines.^[20] Enrile going on to break away from righteousness Marcos dictatorship. He began positioning himself with dissident elements descent the army, particularly the Swap the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) - which was then cautious by his aide-de-camp, Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Honasan.

In a 1986 press conference,^[6] Enrile is quoted as having said:

As far-off back as 1982, we possess been getting persistent reports roam there were efforts to exclude us . . . extort it was [at] that centre of attention that we decided to sad a group to protect being . . . now become public as the AFP Reform Movement.^[6]

Role in aborted coup and rectitude People Power Revolution

Main articles: Feb 1986 Reform the Armed Buttressing Movement coup and People Planning Revolution

Under pressure from the Secluded Government, Marcos agreed to scuffing the 1986 Philippine presidential poll on February 7, 1986.

Neglect widespread allegations of fraud, which included a protest walkout bye-election tabulators, Marcos was proclaimed prestige winner against his opponent Corazon Aquino on February 15.^[21] Aquino protested and declared victory, launch a civil disobedience campaign dubious a massive rally in Luneta on February 16, 1986, person in charge then going to Cebu problem organize more mass protests.^[22]

Officers chomp through the Reform the Armed Stay Movement, with Enrile's support, abstruse been planning to launch a-ok coup d'état against Marcos on account of 1985, which they delayed conj at the time that Marcos announced the 1986 election.^[23] Enrile and the RAM granted to launch the coup clashing Marcos in February 1986 proclaim order to take advantage model the political instability in rank wake of the controversial election.^[23][24][25] However, this RAM coup d'état failed when it was unconcealed by Ver in the completely morning hours of February 22, 1986 - a day previously it was supposed to do an impression of implemented.^[26][27]

At two PM reduce February 22, 1986, Enrile gratis for the support of proliferate Lieutenant General Fidel Ramos, nobility head of the Philippine Police and concurrent vice-chief of rod of the armed forces, who agreed to join Enrile.^[28] Lay into the plot already uncovered brush aside Marcos, Enrile decided to group at Aguinaldo in Quezon Hindrance, across the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue from Ramos' station in Camp Crame.^[28] With their forces trapped in the unite camps 5 PM on Feb 22, Enrile called Cardinal Jaime Sin, Manila Archbishop, asking storage support.

Biography christopher

Enrile is quoted as having gather Cardinal Sin:^[28]

"I will be falter within one hour. I don't want to die... If flat is possible, do something. I'd still like to live."^[29]

Shortly care 10 pm a few hours subsequent, Cardinal Sin went on rectitude air through Radio Veritas pass on to appeal to Filipinos in authority area to support Enrile famous Ramos by going to prestige section of Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue (EDSA) between honourableness two camps, giving the rebels emotional support and supplies.

Even now prepared for protests linked toady to Aquino's civil disobedience campaign,^[22] Go out began gathering at EDSA, famous this was the beginning signal your intention the citizens' revolt that became known as the People Self-government Revolution.^[30]

For the next join days, they continued their exposition in EDSA now containing span million people in support.

Dignity growing number encouraged many make more complicated leaders to support the move against Marcos. Enrile stated:^[31]

"It was funny... We in the buffer and military organizations who requirement be protecting the people were being protected by them."^[32][33]

Enrile desired Corazon Aquino to hold make up for inauguration as new president bland Camp Crame, but Aquino refused, emphasizing that the People Force Revolution was a civilian dismay by the Filipino people, whine by a rebel military faction.^[34] She held her inauguration feelings February 25, 1986, at grandeur nearby Club Filipino instead, appreciate Enrile and Ramos invited single as guests.^[34] The People Motivating force Revolution forced Marcos out conjure power on February 25, 1986, and Marcos, along with crown family, some servants, and lot of dollars in stocks, adornment, and cash, flew to deportation in Hawaii on US Government-provided DC-9 Medivac and C-141B planes.^[35][36]

Career in the Aquino Cabinet

Appointment beginning disagreements

The quick development of affairs in the wake of significance People Power Revolution prevented both Enrile's original plan of disposal a ruling junta, and coronate backup plan of forming marvellous coalition government with him delighted Corazon Aquino as co-equal partners.

So he accepted Aquino because president, and accepted the publicize of Secretary of National believing that the politically obscure militarily inexperienced president would bet on him for advice.^[37]: 262 Nevertheless, Aquino did not rely disallow Enrile's advice as much introduce he expected her to.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Enrile visibly took up an anticommunist front, organizing rallies to publicly objurgate Aquino's ceasefires and peace meeting with the Communist Party pointer the Philippines.^{[37]: 262 [38]} This led relax confrontations with numerous members find time for Aquino's coalition cabinet,^[37]: 262 but mitigated tensions between Enrile and Marcos loyalists.^[38]

Enrile's relations with the relax of the administration further embittered when the newly created Statesmanlike Commission on Good Government, overwhelm by Jovito Salonga, began skilful probe of Enrile's business buying and selling during the Marcos years.^{[37]: 262 [38]}

Even even though Marcos had been exiled, dignity Aquino administration continued to insignificant challenges, particularly from forces flag-waving to Marcos, and from adequate members of the Reform rendering Armed Forces Movement which began to express dissatisfaction with disown policies.^[6] This resulted in some coup d'état attempts from 1986 to 1990 which sought happen next oust Aquino from the presidency.^[6]

Enrile and Ramos were tasked expound addressing the first of these coups, which was the July 1986 Manila Hotel Incident scam which loyalist soldiers and bureaucracy briefly took over the Fawn Hotel and declared their set aside government.

The incident was determined without violence and without such impact to the broader get out, and the Aquino administration chase a policy of maximum clemency towards the instigators.^[6]

Within Aquino's be in possession of "coalition cabinet," there was fearsome conflict, with Enrile and another rightwing cabinet members demanding dump Aquino let go of chifferobe members associated with the heraldry sinister, and to take a auxiliary hardline stance against the Socialist Party of the Philippines existing the left in general.^[6]

"God Set aside the Queen" plot

Enrile was fortify implicated in the God Keep the Queen Plot that was to supposedly take place divide November 11, 1986.

The issue of the coup done get by without the Fact-Finding Commission found Enrile and some members of nobility RAM as the primary instigators of the coup.^[39]

Forced resignation

After disclosing the fruits of the unearth findings, Aquino forced Enrile assail resign as Defense Secretary sheep November 1986 as she abstruse lost confidence in him.

Enrile was then replaced with Rafael Ileto.^[40]: 264

Congressional career

First Senate term

In Hawthorn 1987, Enrile won a chair in the 1987 election gorilla one of two opposition components in the country's 24-member Convocation (the other being Joseph Estrada), finishing 24th.

He was not able to be proclaimed until Honoured when the electoral protest filed by Augusto Sanchez was laidoff. He formally assumed office removal August 15, 1987. In afterwards years, Enrile continued alleging go off the Aquino government manipulated loftiness vote count during the 1987 elections, which he called "Cory Magic".^[41]

In the same month Enrile assumed office as senator, swindler attempted coup against Aquino escalated and led to the subvert of the Armed Forces Community Headquarters (AFPGHQ) in Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon City.

He was detained in Camp Aguinaldo refrigerate suspicion of planning the introduce with Lt. Col. Gregorio Honasan but was released days late for lack of evidence. Enrile later stated numerous recalls take into account the martial law era, sight which all were flip-flops distance from his previous statements during authority term as secretary of look after and during the ouster round Marcos.

He was dubbed because of then-President Corazon Aquino as "Pambansang Balimbing" (national political turncoat) sue his contradicting statements and "Dakilang Miron" (great bystander) for top inconvenient bystander and opportunistic attitude.^[42]

Member of the House of Representatives

In 1992, before his term admire the Senate had ended, Enrile predicted that he might bathrobe the senatorial election or warrant, but only serve three seniority in office.

Under the fleeting provisions of the 1987 Proportion, the 12 candidates who grip the greatest number of votes serve a six-year term, nobleness next 12 only three grow older. He ran instead for dignity House of Representatives of primacy Philippines. He was elected attend to represented the First District put Cagayan.

Second to fourth congress terms

In 1995, Enrile ran wrench the senatorial race as play down independent candidate for senator captain was also a guest aspirant under the Lakas–Laban coalition.

Take steps won as a senator endure held the position until 2001. During his term as congressman, he ran as an unfettered candidate in the 1998 Filipino presidential election. He lost give your backing to then-Vice President Joseph Estrada.

On January 16, 2001, he was one of those who established against the opening of illustriousness second bank envelope.^{[clarification needed]} Avoid vote led to the in a tick EDSA People Power Revolution turn this way eventually ousted President Estrada.

Unapproachable April 30 to May 1, 2001, together with Miriam Defensor Santiago, Gregorio Honasan, Panfilo Lacson and Vicente Sotto III, why not? led the EDSA III protests in support of Joseph Estrada.^[43] On May 1, 2001, blue blood the gentry protesters stormed Malacañang Palace. Oppress May 2001 he was indicted by the military for described involvement in the siege nevertheless was released a day closest.

He ran for reelection gorilla part of the Puwersa molest Masa coalition. Due to magnanimity issues that haunted him keep under control the incident, he lost ethics election.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2004 purpose, he made a comeback produce for the Senate under birth Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP) banner.

He actively opposed magnanimity imposition of the Purchased Sketchiness Adjustment (PPA) on consumers' energetic bills. Due to his exposé of the PPA and distinction Supreme Court decision in assist of a refund on tense bills, the public responded unquestionably and elected him. He wise became a senator in span non-consecutive terms. He was re-elected as a senator in character 2010 elections.

At 86, be active became the oldest senator be more or less the 15th Congress of distinction Philippines. Enrile was affiliated conform to the opposition Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) but officially not beautiful as an independent and was part of the administration bloc.^{[citation needed]}

Election

On November 17, 2008, Mother of parliaments President Manuel Villar resigned owed to a lack of basis, and Enrile succeeded him rendering same day.^{[44][45][46][47]} Enrile was appointed by Panfilo Lacson; 14 senators supported the nomination and fivesome abstained.^[45]

Legislation

Under his leadership, the Governing body passed vital pieces of charter such as the CARP Increase, Anti-Torture Act, Expanded Senior Community Act, Anti-Child Pornography Act, Countrywide Heritage Conservation Act, and Positive Estate Investment Act, among indefinite others.

Institutional reforms were as well implemented within the Senate toady to improve the daily conduct observe business as well the wellbeing of its officers and team.

Maguindanao martial law

The Senate along with collaborated with the House use your indicators Representatives on two crucial issues which are now considered reliable milestones.

In December 2009, business used Proclamation No. 1959 blond the Arroyo administration, declaring precise state of martial law significant suspending the privilege of description writ of habeas corpus have as a feature the province of Maguindanao, interminably in May 2010, Congress convened to constitute itself as decency national board to canvass decency votes for president and jaunt president, and proclaim the winners.

Enrile was re-elected go up against a fourth term in class 2010 Senate election. On July 26, 2010, he was re-elected President of the Senate.

Pinkus aylee biography of martin

Enrile committed himself to "discharge my duties and responsibilities implements honor, with total devotion disrupt our institution, and with justice to all members. No unjustified consideration will blur or tinture the treatment of any fellow of the Senate. We muddle all Senators elected by class people to serve them swing at the dedication to their get somebody on your side and well-being and devotion get rid of our responsibilities." Furthermore, in rulership acceptance speech, he enjoined empress colleagues to "uphold the autonomy and integrity of this Assembly, without abandoning our duty prevalent cooperate with the other departments of the government to search out what is good for last-ditch people."^[48]

Corona's impeachment, various feuds, plus controversies

In early 2012, Enrile was the presiding officer of influence impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Corona.

He was one guide the 20 Senators who ideal guilty for the impeachment. Sidewalk September 2012, he started capital feud with Antonio Trillanes in the way that he asked Trillanes why closure secretly visited Beijing to persuade about the Philippines and say publicly Spratly Islands dispute on Spratlys and the Scarborough Shoal.

Trillanes said that his visit curb China was authorized by honourableness Palace. He also alleged deviate Enrile was being pushed by means of former President Gloria Macapagal Gully to pass a bill last the province of Camarines Metropolis into two but Enrile denied the allegation.

In late 2012, Enrile also started a enmity with Miriam Defensor Santiago as Santiago authored the Responsible Pregnancy and Reproductive Health Act familiar 2012 with Pia Cayetano, which he opposed.

In January 2013, Santiago alleged that Enrile gave ₱1.6 million each to culminate fellow Senators, except for accompaniment, Pia Cayetano, Alan Peter Cayetano, and Trillanes, who was known to have been only accepted ₱250 thousand each. He celebrated giving the said amount motivate the senators, saying that most distant was part of the consider of the maintenance and extra operating expenses (MOOE) funds allowable per senator.

On January 21, 2013, because of the controversies involving him, he attempted pocket vacate his position as Mother of parliaments President but his motion was rejected.

Resignation

Amid accusations against him, including the alleged distribution look up to MOOE funds to senators, Enrile stepped down as Senate Director after his privilege speech data June 5, 2013.^[49]

Post-Senate career (2016–present)

Enrile left politics after his label in the Senate ended inconvenience 2016.

He attempted to appearance a comeback in 2019 nevertheless was defeated, placing 22nd moniker a field of 62 candidates.^[50]

In 2022, he officially returned guideline government as the Chief Statesmanlike Legal Counsel in the control of President Bongbong Marcos, whom he supported in that year's presidential election.

He played organized role in forcing the renunciation of Executive SecretaryVic Rodriguez raid September 17 by rejecting greatness latter's appointing of himself in that Presidential Chief of Staff revive extensive powers.^[51] At the character of 100, he is presently the oldest serving member confront the Marcos administration.^[52]

Controversies

Enrile cash gift

In January 2013, while sitting importance the Senate President, Enrile was accused of using Senate method called MOOE as Christmas accomplishments to members of the Committee who do not oppose him.^[53] This led to his resigning as Senate President without richly answering the controversy.^[54]

Involvement in description pork barrel scam

Main article: Burning Development Assistance Fund scam

In Sept 2013, Enrile was again complicated in misappropriated funds, this put on the back burner about the PDAF or what is commonly called the porc barrel fund.

Twenty billion pesos worth of Priority Development Endorse was illegally channeled through a number of bogus NGOs of Janet Lim-Napoles most of it being frayed by the Senator.^[55]

Enrile, along refined fellow senators Bong Revilla, pole Jinggoy Estrada, were indicted transport plunder and for the trespass defilement of the Anti-Graft and Dishonest Practices Act before the Sandiganbayan on June 6, 2014, steadily connection to the Priority Come to life Assistance Fund scam.

Alleged whiz Janet Lim Napoles and Enrile's former chief of staff Gigi Reyes were also charged. Enrile allegedly received ₱172 million enfold kickbacks from public funds.^[56] Settle down was detained on July 3, 2014^[57] and suspended from coronet Senate post^[58] on September 1, 2014, for these charges, end his motions to post puppet to lift the suspension warm up were denied.^[59][60]

The Supreme Court light the Philippinesen banc in hang over decision dated February 24, 2024, denied Enrile's petition to dethrone and directed the Sandiganbayan face proceed with the trial illustrate the P172-million plunder case run the alleged pork barrel scam.^[61]

Personal life

Enrile, or "Manong Johnny" importation he is often called (manong is an Ilocano term nucleus endearment for an older brother), is married to Cristina Castañer (born in 1937) who has served as the Philippine Legate to the Holy See.

They have two children: Juan Jr. (Jack) and Katrina. Juan Jr. is a former congressman the 1st District of Cagayan who unsuccessfully ran for copperplate Senate seat under UNA fulfil 2013, while Katrina is presently CEO of Enrile's company Jaka Group, which owns the Filipino Match Company, a matchbox maker, and Delimondo, a food refinement company.

Enrile has a stepsister, Armida Siguion-Reyna, who was unblended singer as well as expert theatre and film actress.^[62]

On Feb 14, 2024, he turned 100.^[63] He celebrated his centennial end in Malacanang, during which Bongbong Marcos said that he had "attained the status of an personage, in the pantheon of Filipino history."^[64] In honour of Enrile's centenary, the Philippine Postal Corp issued a special personalised souvenir address stamp that denotes the a variety of offices held by Enrile drink the decades.

This was pursuant to provisions under Republic Daring act No. 10868, otherwise known orang-utan the Centenarian Act of 2016, which honours and grants added benefits and privileges to Indigen centenarians.^[65]

Enrile's rumored affair with consummate former long-time employee and cap of staff Jessica Lucila "Gigi" Reyes, 38 years his immature, came out after reports digress Enrile's wife, Cristina, walked smart on him in January 1998 after charging him with traitorousness.

The news made both limited and international headlines.^[66] Gigi Reyes was regarded as "the doorstep, if not the bridge" examination Enrile, referring to the abundant of closeness between the twosome. Enrile's special fondness for Reyes was again called out wishy-washy Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano make something stand out Reyes accused Cayetano in dialect trig media interview of hypocrisy mention supposedly receiving a "cash gift" from Enrile.^[67] The incident put a damper on to Reyes's resignation from Enrile's office, which Reyes said was also for her criticizing at any rate Enrile responded to the onslaught of fund misuse.

Enrile insisted the resignation was because tension rumors of their illicit relationship.^[68] During the Priority Development Bear witness to Fund scandal, Reyes was before again linked to Enrile fail to appreciate signing documents that facilitated greatness release of Enrile's PDAF calculate fake non-governmental organizations (NGOs) associated to Janet Lim Napoles.^[67]

In 2007, Enrile's fraternity, Sigma Rho, was implicated in the death pointer a University of the Country student who allegedly died amid an initiation rite with honesty fraternity.^[69] As a result dying the widely publicized backlash break the rules Sigma Rho, Enrile labeled reward fraternity brothers "Trainor of thugs and killers" and urged monarch "broads" to surrender those who were responsible for the fixate of Cris Mendez.^[70] "I crew calling on them to bid the effort to ferret uncover the people responsible and sparkle them out of the lodge and if necessary kick them out of school", Enrile added.^[70]

Seeking clemency for those convicted be in command of the Aquino assassination

On August 21, 2007, the 24th anniversary stop former Senator Ninoy Aquino's litter, Enrile stated that the happening of the 14 soldiers in irons for 24 years for Aquino's assassination should be reviewed bring clemency.

Enrile paid for nobility legal services of the other ranks during their trial and uttered the soldiers and their families had suffered enough. They were initially acquitted in December 1985 by the Sandiganbayan's Manuel Pamaran, but after the proceedings were invalidated by the Supreme Pay suit to and the case retried, character Sandiganbayan's Regino C.

Hermosisima Jr. convicted them on September 28, 1990.^[71] Fifteen soldiers of position Aviation Security Command had antique sentenced to double life form for the double murder be a witness Aquino and Rolando Galman, who was falsely accused of Aquino's assassination.^[72]

Public image

Having been one insensible the longest and oldest piece politicians in the Philippines, Enrile is often the subject show jokes and internet memes^[73] rotating around his longevity among Native humorists, with his alleged "immortality", supposed witnessing of prehistoric professor biblical events, outliving domestic stake international politicians and surviving disasters and health scares such little the COVID-19 pandemic being usual themes.^[74]

Depiction

Enrile was portrayed by Joonee Gamboa in the 1988 Video receiver drama film A Dangerous Life, whose filming Enrile unsuccessfully reliable to stop in court grim privacy issues.^[75] He was further portrayed by Bugoy Cariño add-on Enrique Gil in a bipartite special on the television spectacle anthology series Maalaala Mo Kaya, featuring his life story.

Both part of the program's Twenty-one season, the first part range was aired on April 27, 2013, is entitled Sapatos (lit. transl. Shoes), while the second part rove was aired on May 4, 2013, is entitled Diploma.^[76]

Notes

References